Ko te paipa tapawhā he ingoa mō ngā paipa tapawhā me ngā paipa tapawhā, arā, he paipa rino he rite te roa o ngā taha, kāore hoki i te ōrite. He mea hanga ki te rino rīpene kua hurihia i muri i te tukatuka. I te nuinga o te wā, ka wetewetehia te rino rīpene, ka whakatauritea, ka whakapikohia, ka whakarewahia kia hanga he paipa porowhita, kātahi ka hurihia hei paipa tapawhā mai i te paipa porowhita, kātahi ka tapahia kia rite ki te roa e hiahiatia ana.

1. Kaua te rerekētanga e whakaaetia ana o te matotoru o te pakitara o te paipa tapawhā e neke atu i te 10% tāpiri, tāpiri rānei, tāpiri rānei, tāpiri rānei, 8% o te matotoru o te pakitara ina neke atu i te 10mm te matotoru o te pakitara, engari ko te matotoru o te pakitara o ngā kokonga me ngā wāhi whakarewa.

2. Ko te roa tuku noa o te paipa tapawhā tapawhā he 4000mm-12000mm, ko te nuinga he 6000mm me te 12000mm. Ka whakaaetia te tuku i ngā hua poto me ngā hua kore-pūmau, kāore i raro iho i te 2000mm, ā, ka taea hoki te tuku i roto i te āhua o te ngongo atanga, engari me tapahi e te Kaitono te ngongo atanga i te wā e whakamahia ana. Kaua te taumaha o ngā hua ine poto me ngā hua ine kore-pūmau e neke ake i te 5% o te rahinga tuku katoa. Mō ngā ngongo nekehanga tapawhā he nui ake te taumaha ariā i te 20kg/m, kaua e neke ake i te 10% o te rahinga tuku katoa.

3. Kaua te piko o te paipa tapawhā-tapawhā e neke atu i te 2mm ia mita, ā, kaua te piko katoa e neke atu i te 0.2% o te roa katoa.

E ai ki te tukanga whakaputa, ka wehea ngā ngongo tapawhā ki ngā ngongo tapawhā tuimotu wera-hurihia, ngā ngongo tapawhā tuimotu kumea matao, ngā ngongo tapawhā tuimotu whakaputa me ngā ngongo tapawhā whakarewa.

Kua wehea te paipa tapawhā kua whakarewaina kia

1. E ai ki te tukanga – te whakarewa pewa ngongo tapawhā, te whakarewa ātete ngongo tapawhā (auau teitei me te auau iti), te whakarewa hau ngongo tapawhā me te whakarewa oumu ngongo tapawhā

2. E ai ki te whakarewanga – he paipa tapawhā tika kua whakarewahia me he paipa tapawhā porowhita kua whakarewahia.

Whakarōpūtanga rauemi

E ai ki te rauemi, ka wehea ngā ngongo tapawhā ki ngā ngongo tapawhā maitai waro noa me ngā ngongo tapawhā koranu iti.

1. Ka wehea te maitai waro noa ki te Q195, Q215, Q235, SS400, 20# maitai, 45# maitai, me ētahi atu.

2. Ka wehea te maitai iti-koranu ki te Q345, 16Mn, Q390, St52-3, me ētahi atu.

Whakarōpūtanga paerewa whakaputa

E ai ki ngā paerewa whakaputa, ka wehea te ngongo tapawhā ki te ngongo tapawhā paerewa ā-motu, te ngongo tapawhā paerewa Hapanihi, te ngongo tapawhā paerewa Peretānia, te ngongo tapawhā paerewa Amerika, te ngongo tapawhā paerewa Pākehā me te ngongo tapawhā kore-paerewa.

Te whakarōpūtanga āhua wāhanga

Ka whakarōpūtia ngā paipa tapawhā kia rite ki te āhua o te wāhanga:

1. Ngongo tapawhā wāhanga māmā: ngongo tapawhā, ngongo tapawhā.

2. Ngongo tapawhā me te wāhanga matatini: ngongo tapawhā āhua putiputi, ngongo tapawhā tuwhera, ngongo tapawhā kowakawaka me te ngongo tapawhā āhua motuhake.

Whakarōpūtanga maimoatanga mata

E ai ki te maimoatanga mata, ka wehea ngā paipa tapawhā ki ngā paipa tapawhā piauau wera-tuku, ngā paipa tapawhā piauau hiko, ngā paipa tapawhā hinu me ngā paipa tapawhā pīkara.

Whakamahi i te whakarōpūtanga

Ka whakarōpūtia ngā ngongo tapawhā kia rite ki te whakamahinga: ngā ngongo tapawhā hei whakapaipai, ngā ngongo tapawhā mō ngā taputapu mīhini, ngā ngongo tapawhā mō te ahumahi mīhini, ngā ngongo tapawhā mō te ahumahi matū, ngā ngongo tapawhā mō te hanganga maitai, ngā ngongo tapawhā mō te hanga kaipuke, ngā ngongo tapawhā mō te motuka, ngā ngongo tapawhā mō ngā kurupae me ngā pou maitai, me ngā ngongo tapawhā mō ngā kaupapa motuhake.

Te whakarōpūtanga matotoru o te pakitara

Ka whakarōpūtia ngā ngongo tapawhā rite ki te matotoru o te pakitara: ngā ngongo tapawhā rite matotoru rawa, ngā ngongo tapawhā rite matotoru me ngā ngongo tapawhā rite angiangi. Kei tō mātou wheketere te hangarau whakaputa kei te mākete, ā, he tino pūkenga rātou. Nau mai haere mai ki te kōrero mai ki ngā hoa o tāwāhi. Ka whakapau kaha mātou ki te whakatutuki i ō hiahia.