1, Incamake y'inganda z'ibyuma

Imiterere y'icyuma ni inyubako igizwe n'ibikoresho by'icyuma, ikaba ari imwe mu moko y'ingenzi y'inyubako. Inyubako igizwe ahanini n'imiringa y'icyuma, inkingi z'icyuma, imiringa y'icyuma n'ibindi bice bikozwe mu byuma bito n'ibyuma, kandi ikoresha silane, phosphating ya manganese nziza, koza amazi, kumisha, galvanizing n'izindi nzira zo gukuraho ingese no gukumira ingese. Imirongo yo gusudira, bolts cyangwa rivets akenshi ikoreshwa mu guhuza ibice cyangwa ibice. Kubera uburemere bwayo bworoshye n'ubwubatsi bworoshye, ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda nini, ahantu ho gukorera, ahantu hanini cyane n'ahandi. Ifite ibi bikurikira: 1. Ingufu nyinshi z'ibikoresho n'uburemere bworoshye; 2. Ingufu zikomeye z'icyuma, plasticity nziza, ibikoresho bimwe, ubwizigirwa bwinshi bw'inyubako; 3. Imashini nyinshi mu gukora no gushyiraho inyubako z'icyuma; 4. Imikorere myiza yo gufunga inyubako z'icyuma; 5. Inyubako z'icyuma ntizirinda ubushyuhe ariko ntizirinda umuriro; 6. Ingufu nke z'inyubako z'icyuma; 7. Karuboni nke, izigama ingufu, icyatsi kibisi kandi zishobora kongera gukoreshwa.

2, Imiterere y'iterambere ry'inganda z'ibyuma

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, inganda z’ibyuma mu Bushinwa zahuye n’ikibazo cyo gutangira buhoro buhoro kugeza ku iterambere ryihuse. Mu 2016, leta yasohoye inyandiko nyinshi za politiki kugira ngo ikemure ikibazo cy’uburemere bw’ibyuma no guteza imbere iterambere rirambye ry’inganda z’ubwubatsi. Mu 2019, Minisiteri y’imiturire n’iterambere ry’icyaro mu mijyi yasohoye "ingingo z’ingenzi z’akazi k’ishami rishinzwe kugenzura isoko ry’ubwubatsi rya Minisiteri y’imiturire n’iterambere ry’icyaro mu 2019", byasabaga gukora akazi k’igerageza ry’amazu y’ibyuma yubatswe mbere; Muri Nyakanga 2019, Minisiteri y’imiturire n’iterambere ry’icyaro mu mijyi yemeje gahunda z’igerageza za Shandong, Zhejiang, Henan, Jiangxi, Hunan, Sichuan, Qinghai n’izindi ntara zirindwi kugira ngo hatezwe imbere ishyirwaho ry’uburyo bw’ubwubatsi bw’ibyuma byubatswe mbere.

Bitewe n’amahame meza, icyifuzo cy’isoko n’ibindi bintu, ubuso bushya bw’inyubako z’ibyuma byakozwe mbere bwiyongereyeho hafi 30%. Umusaruro w’inyubako z’ibyuma ku rwego rw’igihugu na wo ugaragaza ko ugenda uzamuka buri mwaka, uva kuri toni miliyoni 51 mu 2015 ukagera kuri toni miliyoni 71.2 mu 2018. Mu 2020, umusaruro w’inyubako z’ibyuma warenze toni miliyoni 89, bingana na 8.36% by’ibyuma bikozwe mbere,